Gallic Acid Ameliorates Cadmium Effect on Osteogenesis by Activation of Alkaline Phosphatase and Collagen Synthesis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

Objective: We previously reported that cadmium (Cd) inhibits osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal
stem cells (BMSCs). In addition, gallic acid (GA) improves BMSC differentiation. Here, we aim to study the ability of GA
to prevent osteogenic inhibition induced by Cd.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, BMSCs were extracted and purified from Wistar rats and their
viability was determined in the presence of Cd and GA. The results indicated that 1.5 μM Cd and 0.25 μM of GA were
appropriate for further investigation. After 20 days in osteogenic medium, matrix production was analysed by alizarin
red, calcium content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Osteogenic-related genes and collagen 1A1 (COL1A1)
protein expressions were investigated. The preventive effect of GA on oxidative stress and metabolic change induced
by Cd was estimated.
Results: GA counteracted the inhibitory effect of Cd on matrix production and significantly (P=0.0001) improved the
osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs. Also, GA prevented the toxic effect of Cd on osteogenic-related gene
expressions and nullified the reducing effect of Cd on COL1Al and ALP activity. A significant reduction (P=0.0001)
in malondialdehyde and lactic acid concentration showed that GA counteracted both oxidative stress and metabolic
changes caused by Cd.
Conclusion: GA prevented the toxic effect of Cd, an environmental pollutant and a factor in osteoporosis.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Cell Journal (Yakhteh)
Volume 25, Issue 9 - Serial Number 116
September 2023
Pages 603-612

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