Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Nano Biotechnology, Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3
Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
4
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
5
Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract
Objective: In this study we prepared a novel formulation of liposomal doxorubicin (LDOX). The drug dose was optimized by analyses of cellular uptake and cell viability of osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines upon exposure to nanoliposomes that contained varying DOX concentrations. We intended to reduce the cytotoxicity of DOX and improve characteristics of the nanosystems.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we prepared liposomes by the pH gradient hydration method. Various characterization tests that included dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) imaging, and UVVis spectrophotometry were employed to evaluate the quality of the nanocarriers. In addition, the CyQUANT® assay and fluorescence microscope imaging were used on various OS cell lines (MG-63, U2-OS, SaOS-2, SaOS-LM7) and Human primary osteoblasts cells, as novel methods to determine cell viability and in vitro transfection efficacy.
Results: We observed an entrapment efficiency of 84% for DOX within the optimized liposomal formulation (L-DOX) that had a liposomal diameter of 96 nm. Less than 37% of DOX released after 48 hours and L-DOX could be stored stably for 14 days. L-DOX increased DOX toxicity by 1.8-4.6 times for the OS cell lines and only 1.3 times for Human primary osteoblasts cells compared to free DOX, which confirmed a higher sensitivity of the OS cell lines versus Human primary osteoblasts cells for L-DOX. We deduced that LDOX passed more freely through the cell membrane compared to free DOX.
Conclusion: We successfully synthesized a stealth L-DOX that contained natural phospholipid by the pH gradient method, which could encapsulate DOX with 84% efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles were round, with a suitable particle size, and stable for 14 days. These nanoparticles allowed for adequately controlled DOX release, increased cell
permeability compared to free DOX, and increased tumor cell death. L-DOX provided a novel, more effective therapy for OS treatment.
Keywords
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