Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625220230201A Pleurocidin-Like Peptide from Poecilia Mexicana Fish Induces Selective Cytotoxicity in Leukemia Jurkat Cells Through The Apoptosis Pathway768425505510.22074/cellj.2022.557529.1062ENMostafa EbrahimdoostDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranMohsen MohammadiThe Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranNarges ObeidiDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran0000-0001-8087-2850Seyed Amin MohammadiDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranGholamreza KhamisipourDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranJournal Article20220710<strong>Objective:</strong> Some cationic anti-microbial peptides show a wide range of cytotoxic action versus malignant cells,<br />which may lead to developing a novel group of antitumor medications. In the present study, the anticancer activity of<br />pleurocidin-like peptide WF3 isoform X2 (AMP-WF3), from the Poecilia Mexicana fish, against leukemic cell line Jurkat<br />was evaluated, and the cytotoxicity compared with the effects on normal cells, including peripheral blood mononuclear<br />cells (PBMCs) and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this experimental study, cells were treated with various dosages of AMP-WF3 for 24 hours.<br />Using methyl thiazole tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT test), the effects of the AMP-WF3 on cell viability and toxicity<br />were evaluated. The impact of this peptide on apoptotic pathways was examined using flow cytometry and Annexin<br />V-PI stains. Additionally, the relative expression of the P53, P21, and BCL-2 genes was evaluated using a real-time<br />polymerase chain reaction.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The Jurkat cell line was more susceptible to AMP-WF3 cytotoxicity [half-maximal inhibitory concentration<br />(IC50)=50 μM], while normal cells (PBMCs and HDF) were less susceptible. Flow cytometry verified that the apoptotic<br />activity of AMP-WF3 on Jurkat cells was significantly higher than that of HDF and PBMCs. Peptide-treated Jurkat cells<br />were associated with increased expression of P21, and P53 genes. In contrast, the changes in P21, P53, and BCL-2<br />genes differed in PBMCs and HDF cells. In HDF cells, simultaneous increase of P21, P53, and BCL-2, and in PBMCs,<br />only the increase of BCL-2 was observed.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our research showed that AMP-WF3 could be developed as a novel treatment agent with minimum side<br />effects for ALL patients.https://www.celljournal.org/article_255055_d1cacaaa1aa8720f67c4d47cf32adb54.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625220230201Minimal Residual Disease Detection Using Gene Scanning Analysis, Fluorescent Fragment Analysis, and Capillary Electrophoresis for IgH Rearrangement in Adult B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Cross-Sectional Study859170127010.22074/cellj.2023.557390.1049ENSepideh ShahkaramiHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, GermanySamareh YounesianHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranShahrbano RostamiHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFarzad KompaniResearch Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDavood BashashDepartment of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed AsadollahMousaviHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7360-0064Seyed H.GhaffariHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220708<strong>Objective:</strong> Minimal residual disease (MRD) is considered the greatest prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia<br />(ALL). MRD is a valuable tool for anticipating impending relapse and treatment response assessment. The objective of<br />the present study was to investigate whether the detection of IgH gene rearrangement using polymerase chain reaction<br />(PCR)-based GeneScan analysis could be a complementary method to monitor MRD along with the quantitative realtime<br />PCR (qPCR).<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this cross-sectional study, we valued the MRD levels, based on the GeneScanning analysis<br />(GSA), and then compared the data with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at different time points in<br />peripheral blood (PB) samples of adult B-lineage ALL patients (n=35). The specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)<br />primers for IGH gene FR-1 and fluorescence-labeled J-primer were used and analyzed by capillary gel electrophoresis<br />on a sequencer. The results of this study were compared with the previously reported MRD results obtained by the IGH<br />rearrangements allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) -qPCR methods.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>The total concordance rate was 86.7%, with a P<0.001. MRD results obtained by GSA and ASO-qPCR methods<br />were concordant in all diagnostic samples and samples on the 14th and 28th days of induction therapy. The results of these 2.5<br />years’ follow-ups demonstrated a significant correlation between the two techniques (r=0.892, P<0.001).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that the PCR-based GeneScan analysis of IGH gene rearrangement detection may be a valuable<br />molecular technique to distinguish monoclonality from polyclonality. And also, it may be a precise tool to detect the<br />residual leukemic DNA in the PB follow-up samples of patients.https://www.celljournal.org/article_701270_10d55f2d99dee9d331af491fa317890e.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625220230201Hsp70, in Combination with IL-15 and PD-1 Blocker, Interferes with The Induction of Cytotoxic NK Cells in Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients9210170172510.22074/cellj.2023.561054.1123ENJavad FirouziDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranCellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5479-5641Abbas HajifathaliTaleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMasoumeh AzimiDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranNeda ParviniCellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, IranFatemeh GhaemiDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranNiloufar Shayan AslDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranAmir Abbas Hedayati AslDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranMajid SafaDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMarzieh EbrahimiDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1140-0379Journal Article20220828<strong>Objective:</strong> Natural killer (NK) cells are critical immune cells for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) targeting. However,<br />little is known about the relationship between using checkpoint inhibitors and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as NK cell<br />activators to control AML. Therefore, the study aims to find the best formulation of Hsp70, human PD-1 (Programmed<br />cell death protein 1) blocker, and interleukin 15 (IL-15) to activate NK cells against AML.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, the NK cells were isolated from mononuclear cells (MNCs) by<br />using magnetic activation cell sorting (MACS) and were activated using the different combinations of Hsp70, PD-1<br />blocker, and IL-15 and then followed by immunophenotyping, functional assays to estimate their killing potential, and<br />evaluation of expression pattern of <em>PRF1, PIK3CB, PD-1, AKT-1, FAS-L, TRAIL</em>, and <em>GER </em>A and B.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The expression of PD-1 was significantly (P<0.05) reduced after NK cell activation by the different formulas of<br />IL-15, Hsp70, and PD-1 blocker. The expression of NKG2A in the treated NK cells was reduced particularly in the IL-15<br />(P<0.01) and IL-15+PD-1 blocker (P<0.05) groups. The addition of Hsp70 increased its expression. The cytotoxic effect<br />of NK cells increased in all groups, especially in IL-15+PD-1 blocker besides increasing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ),<br />Granzymes, and perforin expression (P<0.05). All IL-15+PD-1 blocker group changes were associated with the upregulation<br />of <em>PIK3CB </em>and <em>AKT-1</em> as key factors of NK cell activation. The presence of Hsp70 reduced IFN-γ releasing,<br />and down-regulation of <em>PIK3CB, AKT-1</em>, <em>Granzymes</em>, and <em>Perforin </em>(P<0.05).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> We suggested the combination of IL-15 and PD-1 blocker could enhance the killing potential of AMLNK<br />cells. Moreover, Hsp70 in combination with IL-15 and PD-1 blocker interferes activation of AML-NK cells through<br />unknown mechanisms.https://www.celljournal.org/article_701725_40707905f9259e7c8f3cfe586f473723.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625220230201The Evaluation of Vitamin E and TiO2 Nanoparticles Administration in Parkinson’s Rat Model10210925419310.22074/cellj.2022.557558.1071ENBehdokht JamaliDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, IranMalihe EntezariDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, IranDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4191-3351Nahid BabaeiDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, IranMehrdad HashemiFarhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0627-6991Journal Article20220711<strong>Objective:</strong> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a severely debilitating disease for which no suitable treatment has been found<br />so far. In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have shown therapeutic potential in PD. Thus, in the current research, for<br />the first time, we investigated the effects of vitamin E and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs) on a rat model of PD.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this experimental study, after preparation and induction of PD, rats were administrated<br />with vitamin E and TiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs. One day after receiving the last dose of treatments, rats were killed and substantia<br />nigra was extracted from the brain and its cell suspension was prepared. In each group, female rats were mated, and<br />after confirmation that the female rats were pregnant by vaginal smear test, the fetus was removed. Cell viability was<br />studied by the MTT method and apoptosis, and necrosis were studied by the flow cytometry technique. Also, after RNA<br />extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression of <em>Bcl-2</em> and <em>circRNA 0001518</em> genes were studied using the real time<br />polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. For analyzing the data, two-way ANOVA was used.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed a sharp decrease in cell viability in female PD rats and fetuses resulting from PD female<br />rats. Vitamin E treatment showed the greatest effect on increasing cell viability. Decreased expression of the <em>Bcl-2</em> gene<br />and increased expression of <em>circRNA 0001518</em> were observed in PD conditions.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administration of vitamin E may be a good option for reducing PD-induced cell death.https://www.celljournal.org/article_254193_6d5e83406f4cf5bf5391a7b075ba910e.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625220230201The Immunomodulatory Aspect of Quercetin Penta Acetate on Th17 Cells Proliferation and Gene Expression in Multiple Sclerosis11011725475310.22074/cellj.2022.557560.1073ENLeila AhmadiDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNahid EskandariDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMustafa GhanadianIsfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMahshid RahmatiDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNeda KasiriDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMasoud EtamadifarDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranIranian Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Center, Isfahan, IranMohadeseh ToghyaniDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranFereshteh AlsahebfosoulDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranIranian Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Center, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20220711<strong>Objective:</strong> The function of Th17 cells in the neuroinflammatory process in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been previously<br />clarified. It has been suggested that Quercetin can influence MS due to a variety of anti-inflammatory effects. The present<br />study aimed to examine in vitro immunomodulatory aspects of Quercetin Penta Acetate as a modified compound on<br />Th17 cells of MS patients and also to compare its effects with Quercetin.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this experimental study, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) were isolated and<br />stained with CFSE then, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined using different doses<br />and times for Quercetin Penta Acetate, and Methyl Prednisolone Acetate. Th17 cell proliferation was analyzed by flow<br />cytometry and the expression levels of IL-17 and RORc genes were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction<br />(PCR) method.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that IL-17A gene expression was inhibited by Quercetin Penta Acetate (P=0.0081), but<br />Quercetin Penta Acetate did not have a significant inhibitory effect on Th17 cells proliferation (P= 0.59) and RORc gene<br />expression (P=0.1), compared to Quercetin.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Taken together, our results showed some immunomodulatory aspects of Quercetin Penta Acetate on<br />Th17 cells are more effective than Quercetin and it could be considered in the treatment of MS.https://www.celljournal.org/article_254753_ed01aacd312dd3ae20e0d4e8d9a85af9.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625220230201High Expression of G9a Induces Cisplatin Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma11812569700210.22074/cellj.2022.557564.1077ENJunhao FuCentral Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, ChinaMin YuDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, ChinaWenxia XuCentral Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, ChinaShian YuDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, ChinaJournal Article20220711<strong>Objective:</strong> Chemotherapeutic drug resistance is the main obstacle that affects the efficacy of current therapies of<br />hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which needs to be addressed urgently. High expression of histone methyltransferase<br />G9a was reported to play a pivotal role in the progression of HCC. Regulatory mechanism of aberrant activation of G9a<br />in HCC and the association with subsequent cisplatin (DDP) resistance still remains ambiguous. This study strived to<br />investigate mechanism of G9a overexpression and its impact on cisplatin resistance in HCC cells.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this experimental study, we investigated effects of different concentrations of cisplatin in<br />combination with BIX-01294 or PR-619 on viability and apoptosis of HuH7 and SNU387 cells via CCK-8 kit and flow<br />cytometric analysis, respectively. Colony formation capacity was applied to evaluate effect of cisplatin with or without<br />BIX-01294 on cell proliferation, and western blotting was used to verify expression level of the related proteins. Global<br />mRNA expression profile analysis was adopted to identify differentially expressed genes associated with overexpression<br />of G9a.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that overexpression of G9a admittedly promoted cisplatin resistance in HCC cells. Global<br />mRNA expression profile analysis after G9a inhibition showed that DNA repair and cell cycle progression were downregulated.<br />Moreover, we identified that deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) stabilized high expression of G9a in HCC<br />through deubiquitination. Additionally, cisplatin could significantly inhibit proliferation of DUBs-deficient HCC cells, while<br />promoting their apoptosis.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Collectively, our data indicated that DUBs stabilize G9a through deubiquitination, thereby participating in<br />the cisplatin resistance of HCC cells. The elucidation of this mechanism contributes to propose a potential alternative<br />intervention strategy for the treatment of HCC patients harboring high G9a levels.https://www.celljournal.org/article_697002_b1afc0608a6627706e2d10560c825fd9.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625220230201Triptorelin Peptide Conjugated Alginate Coated Gold Nanoparticles as A New Contrast Media for Targeted Computed Tomography Imaging of Cancer Cells12613425464110.22074/cellj.2022.557552.1068ENMohammad Danesh-DoustMedical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0009-0007-4448-2506Rasoul IrajiradDepartment of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFereshteh Vaziri NezamdoustMedical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSara KhademiDepartment of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAlireza MontazerabadiMedical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20220711<strong>Objective:</strong> Increasing research has been focused on the development of various nanocomplexes as targeted contrast<br />media in diagnostic modalities, mainly in computed tomography (CT) scan imaging. Herein, we report a new method<br />that uses Triptorelin [a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist]-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)<br />via alginate for early detection of cancer by molecular CT imaging.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In the experimental study, the formed multifunctional AuNPs coated with alginate conjugated<br />with Triptorelin peptide (Triptorelin-Alginate-AuNPs) were synthesized and characterized via different techniques,<br />including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR)<br />spectroscopy. The MTT assay was applied to calculate the toxicity of the NPs.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results indicated that the formed Triptorelin-Alginate-AuNPs with an Au core size of ~18 nm are<br />noncytotoxic at 127-, 254-, 381- and 508-mM concentrations and revealed significant improvement in the attenuation<br />of X-rays intensity and contrast to noise ratio (CNR), compared with non-targeted cells at the highest energies (90, 120,<br />140 kVp). At 90 kVp, compared to non-targeted cells, targeted cells (Triptorelin-Alginate-AuNPs) enable 1.58, 1.69, 3.7<br />and 3.43 times greater contrast at a concentration of 127 mM, 254 mM, 381 mM, and 508 mM, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These results suggest that the developed Triptorelin-Alginate-AuNPs may be considered an effective<br />contrast agent for molecular CT imaging of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor-expressing cancer cells.https://www.celljournal.org/article_254641_3b0e72611391e2c47a5c44c3729f74d5.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625220230201PAX7 and MyoD Proteins Expression in Response to Eccentric and Concentric Resistance Exercise in Active Young Men13514269680110.22074/cellj.2022.557440.1055ENSomayeh Karimi MajdDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMandana GholamiDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000000189604123Behzad BazgirExercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220709<strong>Objective:</strong> Satellite cells play an important role in muscle regeneration, which this process can be affected by different<br />genes including PAX7 and MyoD. Exercise training known as an important strategy for mediating the satellite cell’s<br />function. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the changes in PAX7 and MyoD protein<br />expression in response to eccentric and concentric resistance exercise in healthy young men.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this semi-experimental and cross-sectional study, 10 healthy men (age range 18-30 years<br />old) participated. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=5) to perform one of two high-intensity eccentric<br />or concentric knee extensions muscle contraction protocols. The contractions included a maximum of 12 sets of 10<br />repetitions, with a 30 second rest time interval between sets. PAX7 and MyoD protein expression was assessed using<br />Immunohistochemistry analysis from the Vastus Lateralis muscle needle biopsy samples that have been taken 24<br />hours before and 3 to 4 hours after the end of the exercise protocol.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> We observed that the PAX7 protein expression level increased significantly after eccentric (47.75%) and<br />concentric (39.21%) (P=0.01) intervention. While, the MyoD protein expression level reduced (38.14%) significantly<br />following acute eccentric resistance exercise (P=0.01).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that eccentric or concentric muscular contraction modulates the expression of PAX7 and MyoD<br />protein expression in the skeletal muscle, with further effects observed in eccentric resistance exercise.https://www.celljournal.org/article_696801_fc78fdfa5eb1f77c542798df08978599.pdf