Royan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA H19 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia11025336210.22074/cellj.2022.8315ENMarjan AsadiHematology Department, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranMohammad Ali GholampourHematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranFarzad KompaniDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranShaban AlizadehHematology Department, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220705Objective:<br />Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has essential roles in growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis of<br />most cancers. H19 dysregulation is present in a large number of solid tumors and leukemia. However, the expression<br />level of H19 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has not been elucidated yet. The current study aimed to explore<br />H19 expression in ALL patients and cell lines.<br /><br />Materials and Methods:<br />This experimental study was conducted in bone marrow (BM) samples collected from 25<br />patients with newly diagnosed ALL. In addition, we cultured the RPMI-8402, Jurkat, Ramos, and Daudi cell lines<br />and assessed the effects of internal (hypoxia) and external (chemotherapy medications L-asparaginase [ASP] and<br />vincristine [VCR]) factors on h19 expression. The expressions of H19, P53, c-Myc, HIF-1α and β-actin were performed<br />using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method.<br /><br />Results:<br />There was significantly increased H19 expression in the B-cell ALL (B-ALL, P<0.05), T-cell ALL (T-ALL,<br />P<0.01) patients and the cell lines. This upregulation was governed by the P53, HIF-1α, and c-Myc transcription<br />factors. We observed that increased c-Myc expression induced H19 expression; however, P53 adversely affected H19<br />expression. In addition, the results indicated that chemotherapy changed the gene expression pattern. There was a<br />considerable decrease in H19 expression after exposure to chemotherapy medications; nonetheless, hypoxia induced<br />H19 expression through P53 downregulation.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />Our findings suggest that H19 may have an important role in pathogenesis in ALL and may act as a<br />promising and potential therapeutic target.https://www.celljournal.org/article_253362_1f50619259aef43b9ec6570910081804.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101Beneficial Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Gastrocnemius Muscle Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in Elderly Female Rats111625430110.22074/cellj.2022.557565.1078ENHossein PiraniDepartment of Basic Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, IranAli BakhtiariDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences of Tehran University, Tehran, IranBahareh AmiriDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IranOmid Reza SalehiDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0001-5328-4658Journal Article20220711Objective:<br />Exercise can attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction caused by aging. Our study aimed to compare 12<br />weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the expression<br />of mitochondria proteins [e.g., AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), p38<br />mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator<br />1-alpha (PGC1-α)] in gastrocnemius muscle of old female rats.<br /><br />Materials and Methods:<br />In this experimental study, thirty six old female Wistar rats (18-month-old and 270-310 g) were<br />divided into three groups: i. HIIT, ii. MICT, and iii. Control group (C). The HIIT protocol was performed for 12 weeks with<br />16-28 minutes (2 minutes training with 85-90% VO2max in high intensity and 2 minutes training with 45-75% VO2max low intensity). The MICT was performed for 30-60 minutes with the intensity of 65-70% VO2max. The gastrocnemius muscle expression of AMPK, ERRα, P38MAPK, and PGC1α proteins were determined by Western blotting.<br /><br />Results:<br />The expression of AMPK (P=0.004), P38MAPK (P=0.003), PGC-1α (P=0.028), and ERRα (P=0.006) in HIIT<br />was higher than C group. AMPK (P=0.03), P38MAPK (P=0.032), PGC-1α (P=0.015), and ERRα (P=0.028) in MICT<br />was higher than the C group. Also expression of AMPK (P=0.008), P38MAPK (P=0.009), PGC-1α (P=0.020) and ERRα<br />(P=0.014) in MICT was higher than MICT group.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />It seems that exercise training has beneficial effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, but the HIIT training<br />method is more effective than MICT in improving mitochondrial function in aging.https://www.celljournal.org/article_254301_e5227b983a6cd283d37f53a2d6a413dd.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Protein Levels in Sperm of Obese Men with and without Diabetes; Cellular Approach in Male Infertility172469670810.22074/cellj.2022.557547.1065ENShima AbbasihormoziReproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, IranDepartment of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, IranAzam KouhkanReproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, IranAbdolhossein ShaverdiReproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, IranDepartment of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, IranMohammad Ali Sadighi GilaniDepartment of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, IranVahab BabapourDepartment of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAmir Niasari NasljiDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranVahid AkbarinehadDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAliReza AlizadehDepartment of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7273-9793Journal Article20220710Objective:<br />Although the role of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) in male infertility is well established, little information<br />about the underlying cellular mechanisms in infertility is available. In this sense, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) has<br />been recognized as an important regulator in obesity and DM; However, its function in the pathogenesis of male<br />infertility has never been studied in obese or men who suffer from diabetes. Therefore, the main goal of current research<br />is assessing NF-kB existence and activity in ejaculated human spermatozoa considering the obesity and diabetics<br />condition of males.<br /><br />Materials and Methods:<br />In an experimental study, the ELISA technique was applied to analyze NF-kB levels in sperm<br />of four experimental groups: non-obese none-diabetic men (body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2; control group; n=30),<br />obese non-diabetic men (BMI >30 kg/m2; OB group; n=30), non-obese diabetic men (BMI <25 kg/m2; DM group; n=30),<br />and obese diabetic men (BMI >30 kg/m2; OB-DM group; n=30) who were presented to Royan Institute Infertility Center.<br />In addition, protein localization was shown by Immunocytofluorescent assay. Sperm features were also evaluated using<br />CASA.<br /><br />Results:<br />The diabetic men were older than non-diabetic men regardless of obesity status (P=0.0002). Sperm progressive<br />motility was affected by obesity (P=0.035) and type A sperm progressive motility was affected by DM (P=0.034). The<br />concentration of sperm (P=0.013), motility (P=0.025) and morphology (P<0.0001) were altered by obesity × diabetes<br />interaction effects. The NF-kB activity was negatively influenced by the main impact of diabetics (P=0.019). Obesity<br />did not affect (P=0.248) NF-kB activity. Uniquely, NF-kB localized to the midpiece of sperm and post-acrosomal areas.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />The current study indicated a lower concentration of NF-kB in diabetic men, no effect of obesity on NF-kB<br />was observed yet. Additionally, we revealed the main obesity and diabetes effects, and their interaction effect adversely<br />influenced sperm characteristics.https://www.celljournal.org/article_696708_bd922901e8fc3df6debc979ebe043790.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101A Combination of Physical and Chemical Treatments Is More Effective in The Preparation of Acellular Uterine Scaffolds253470087410.22074/cellj.2022.8396ENMasoomeh MasoomikarimiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMajid SalehiDepartment of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud, University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranSexual Health and Fertility Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranFarshid NoorbakhshDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSamira RajaeiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20221231Objective:<br />Decellularized uterine scaffold, as a new achievement in tissue engineering, enables recellularization and<br />regeneration of uterine tissues and supports pregnancy in a fashion comparable to the intact uterus. The acellular<br />methods are methods preferred in many respects due to their similarity to normal tissue, so it is necessary to try to<br />introduce an acellularization protocol with minimum disadvantages and maximum advantages. Therefore, this study<br />aimed to compare different protocols to achieve the optimal uterus decellularization method for future in vitro and in<br />vivo bioengineering experiments.<br /><br />Materials and Methods:<br />In this experimental study, rat uteri were decellularized by four different protocols (P) using<br />sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), with different doses and time incubations (P1 and P2), SDS/Triton-X100 sequentially<br />(P3), and a combination of physical (freeze/thaw) and chemical reagents (SDS/Triton X-100). The scaffolds were<br />examined by histopathological staining, DNA quantification, MTT assay, blood compatibility assay, FESEM, and<br />mechanical studies.<br /><br />Results:<br />Histology assessment showed that only in P4, cell residues were completely removed. Masson’s trichrome<br />staining demonstrated that in P3, collagen fibers were decreased; however, no damage was observed in the collagen<br />bundles using other protocols. In indirect MTT assays, cell viabilities achieved by all used protocols were significantly<br />higher than the native samples. The percentage of red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis in the presence of prepared scaffolds<br />from all 4 protocols was less than 2%. The mechanical properties of none of the obtained scaffolds were significantly<br />different from the native sample except for P3.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />Uteri decellularized with a combination of physical and chemical treatments (P4) was the most favorable<br />treatment in our study with the complete removal of cell residue, preservation of the three-dimensional structure,<br />complete removal of detergents, and preservation of the mechanical property of the scaffolds.https://www.celljournal.org/article_700874_d98398ac222298d53e58f4c7e2900112.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101Effects of Different Perfusing Routes through The Portal Vein, Hepatic Vein, and Biliary Duct on Whole Rat Liver Decellularization354425505610.22074/cellj.2022.557600.1081ENBahram Jambar NooshinDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTahereh TayebiDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAmirhesam BabajaniDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammad MehdiKhaniDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHassan NiknejadDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7736-1232Journal Article20220711Objective:<br />Organ transplantation is the last therapeutic choice for end-stage liver failure, which is limited by the lack of<br />sufficient donors. Decellularized liver can be used as a suitable matrix for liver tissue engineering with clinical application<br />potential. Optimizing the decellularization procedure would obtain a biological matrix with completely removed cellular<br />components and preserved 3-dimensional structure. This study aimed to evaluate the decellularization efficacy through<br />three anatomical routes.<br /><br />Materials and Methods:<br />In this experimental study, rat liver decellularization was performed through biliary duct (BD),<br />portal vein (PV), and hepatic vein (HV); using chemical detergents and enzymes. The decellularization efficacy was<br />evaluated by measurement of DNA content, extracellular matrix (ECM) total proteins, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).<br />ECM preservation was examined by histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and scanning electron<br />microscopy (SEM). Scaffold biocompatibility was tested by the MTT assay for HepG2 and HUVEC cell lines.<br /><br />Results:<br />Decellularization through HV and PV resulted in a transparent scaffold by complete cell removal, while the BD<br />route produced an opaque scaffold with incomplete decellularization. H&E staining confirmed these results. Maximum<br />DNA loss was obtained using 1% and 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the PV and HV groups and the DNA<br />content decreased faster in the HV group. At the final stages, the proteins excreted in the HV and PV groups were<br />significantly less than the BD group. The GAGs level was diminished after decellularization, especially in the PV and<br />HV groups. In the HV and PV groups the collagen amount was significantly more than the BD group. The IHC and SEM<br />images showed that the ECM structure was preserved and cellular components were entirely removed. MTT assay<br />showed the biocompatibility of the decellularized scaffold.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />The results revealed that the HV is a more suitable route for liver decellularization than the PV and BD.https://www.celljournal.org/article_255056_df7a2c0906f7ae5d24667c3719403cac.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101TIMPs Expression as A Maternal Cell Free Plasma Biomarker of Severe Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study455025353810.22074/cellj.2022.557259.1041ENSara SeydabadiMedical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid
Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranHabib NikukarMedical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid
Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranFahimeh Ghotbizadeh VahdaniObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranFariba RamezanaliDepartment of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, IranMaryam ShahhoseiniDepartment of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, IranRaha FavaediDepartment of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, IranAzadeh GhaheriDepartment of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, IranElham EtesamiMedical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid
Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranMohammadreza ZamanianDepartment of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220705Objective:<br />Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy related disorder with prevalence of 6-7%. Insufficient trophoblastic<br />invasion leads to incomplete remodeling of spiral arteries and consequent decrease in feto-placental perfusion. Altered<br />placental expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs) is considered to be involved in this process<br />while the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and TIMPs contributes to remodeling of the placenta<br />and uterine arteries by degradation and refurbishing of extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, TIMPs, fetal expression<br />pattern was evaluated with the aim of its potential to be used as a determinant for the (early) detection of PE.<br /><br />Materials and Methods:<br />In this case-control study, cell free fetal RNA (cffRNA) released by placenta into the maternal<br />blood was used to determine expression patterns of TIMP1, 2, 3 and 4 in the severe preeclamptic women in comparison<br />with the normal pregnant women. Whole blood from 20 preeclamptic and 20 normal pregnant women in their 28-32<br />weeks of gestational age was collected. The second control group consisted of 20 normal pregnant women in either 14<br />or 28 weeks of gestation (each 10). cffRNA was extracted from plasma and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)<br />was done to determine the expression levels of TIMP1, 2, 3 and 4 genes.<br /><br />Results:<br />Statistical analysis of the results showed significant higher expression of TIMP1-4 in the preeclamptic women<br />in comparison with the control group (P=0.029, 0.037, 0.037 and 0.049, respectively). Also, an increased level of TIMPs<br />expression was observed by comparing 14 to 28 weeks of gestational age in the normal pregnant women in the second<br />control group.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />An increased cffRNA expression level of TIMPs may be correlated with the intensity of placental vascular<br />defect and may be used as a determinant of complicated pregnancies with severe preeclampsia.https://www.celljournal.org/article_253538_7ca9f44a32489acacffb1f533b6814e6.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101The Synergistic Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Mediated Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Indocyanine Green as An Innovative Approach to Cooperation with Radiotherapy516169670210.22074/cellj.2022.559078.1097ENSara MomeniDepartment of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAhmad ShaneiDepartment of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAmeneh SazgarniaMedical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9542-6423Neda AttaranDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSeyed Amir AledavoodCancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20220725Objective:<br />The multimodality treatment of cancer provides a secure and effective approach to improve the outcome<br />of treatments. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has got attention because of selectively target and kills cancer cells.<br />Likewise, gold nanoparticles (GNP) have been introduced as a radiosensitizer and drug delivery with high efficacy and<br />low toxicity in cancer treatment. Conjugating GNP with indocyanine green (ICG) can develop a multifunctional drug<br />to enhance radio and photosensitivity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anticancer effects of GNP@ICG in<br />radiotherapy (RT) and CAP on DFW melanoma cancer and HFF fibroblast normal cell lines.<br /><br />Materials and Methods:<br />In this experimental study, the cells were irradiated to RT and CAP, alone and in combination<br />with or without GNP@ICG at various time sequences between RT and CAP. Apoptosis Annexin V/PI, MTT, and colony<br />formation assays evaluated the therapeutic effect. Finally, the index of synergism was calculated to compare the results.<br />Results: Most crucially, the cell viability assay showed that RT was less toxic to tumors and normal cells, but CAP<br />showed a significant anti-tumor effect on melanoma cells with selective toxicity. In addition, cold plasma sensitized<br />melanoma cells to radiotherapy so increasing treatment efficiency. This effect is enhanced with GNP@ICG. In<br />comparison to RT alone, the data showed that combination treatment greatly decreased monolayer cell colonization<br />and boosted apoptotic induction.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />The results provide new insights into the development of better approaches in radiotherapy of melanoma<br />cells assisted plasma and nanomedicine.https://www.celljournal.org/article_696702_ba78736a78e958319ee67de13b966454.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101In Silico Analysis of Neutralizing Antibody Epitopes on The Hepatitis C Virus Surface Glycoproteins627225336310.22074/cellj.2022.253363ENRaziyeh Zareh-KhoshchehrehDepartment of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranTaravat BamdadDepartment of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranSeyed Shahriar ArabDepartment of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University-TMU, Tehran, IranMahdi BehdaniDepartment of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Pasteur
Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranMahmoud BiglarDepartment of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220705Objective:<br />Despite of antiviral drugs and successful treatment, an effective vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV)<br />infection is still required. Recently, bioinformatic methods same as prediction algorithms, have greatly contributed to<br />the use of peptides in the design of immunogenic vaccines. Therefore, finding more conserved sites on the surface<br />glycoproteins (E1 and E2) of HCV, as major targets to design an effective vaccine against genetically different viruses<br />in each genotype was the goal of the study.<br /><br />Materials and Methods:<br />In this experimental study, 100 entire sequences of E1 and E2 were retrieved from the NCBI<br />website and analyzed in terms of mutations and critical sites by Bioedit 7.7.9, MEGA X software. Furthermore, HCV-1a<br />samples were obtained from some infected people in Iran, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR)<br />assay was optimized to amplify their E1 and E2 genes. Moreover, all three-dimensional structures of E1 and<br />E2 downloaded from the PDB database were analyzed by YASARA. In the next step, three interest areas of humoral<br />immunity in the E2 glycoprotein were evaluated. OSPREY3.0 protein design software was performed to increase the<br />affinity to neutralizing antibodies in these areas.<br /><br />Results:<br />We found the effective in silico binding affinity of residues in three broadly neutralizing epitopes of E2<br />glycoprotein. First, positions that have substitution capacity were detected in these epitopes. Furthermore, residues<br />that have high stability for substitution in these situations were indicated. Then, the mutants with the strongest affinity<br />to neutralize antibodies were predicted. I414M, T416S, I422V, I414M-T416S, and Q412N-I414M-T416S substitutions<br />theoretically were exhibited as mutants with the best affinity binding.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br />Using an innovative filtration strategy, the residues of E2 epitopes which have the best in silico binding<br />affinity to neutralizing antibodies were exhibited and a distinct peptide library platform was designed.https://www.celljournal.org/article_253363_f8f9044d21956d1855d564331a058b99.pdfRoyan Institute, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR)Cell Journal (Yakhteh)2228-580625120230101Healthy Male Individuals Possess Higher Plasma HER-2 Level than Females737569976710.22074/cellj.2022.562589.1134ENSepand Tehrani FatehSchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAbbas BehgozinR&D Division, Tashkhis Fan Firoozeh (Firoozeh DiaTech), Tehran, IranFarshid YekaniR&D Division, Tashkhis Fan Firoozeh (Firoozeh DiaTech), Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2087-4955Lobat GeranpayehDepartment of Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAsieh OlfatbakhshBreast Diseases Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, IranShiva MoghaddamBreast Diseases Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, IranRamin Sarami ForroshaniATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, IranAmir Salehi-NajafabadiR&D Division, Tashkhis Fan Firoozeh (Firoozeh DiaTech), Tehran, IranDepartment of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFaezeh ShekariR&D Division, Tashkhis Fan Firoozeh (Firoozeh DiaTech), Tehran, IranDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell
Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6026-5412Journal Article20220924Considering HER2 as one of the well-known biomarkers in the cancer field, and published articles regarding serum<br />levels of HER2, in this paper we tried to highlight the issue that most studies don’t stratify the HER-2 concentration<br />of individuals in terms of gender. In this brief survey, healthy individuals with no prior non-communicable diseases<br />were categorized as males (n=34) and females (n=43), and all samples were evaluated for plasma HER-2 levels<br />at once. Surprisingly, the plasma level of HER-2 of healthy male individuals (mean= 2.28 ± 0.21 ng/mL) was<br />significantly (P<0.0001) higher than the plasma level of HER-2 of healthy females (mean: 0.06 ± 0.09 ng/mL),<br />with no overlap. Therefore, we suggest that more studies are required to re-check the cutoff values for HER-2<br />plasma levels based on gender since the clinical implications of a unique HER-2 cutoff for both genders may be<br />seriously concerning.https://www.celljournal.org/article_699767_16206cbf7c038941c45d5e403535475e.pdf